Understanding TPLO Surgery for Dogs

Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) is a surgical procedure used to repair a torn cruciate ligament in dogs. This injury is similar to an ACL tear in human athletes and can cause significant instability in the knee joint.

Dr. Gretchen Wright

What Is a Cruciate Ligament Tear?

The cruciate ligament is located inside the knee and plays a key role in stabilizing joint movement. When torn, it results in:

  • Instability in the knee, causing excessive movement.
  • Swelling and pain in the joint.
  • Limping or refusal to bear weight on one of the hind legs.

This injury is most common in medium to large dogs (40-80 lbs).

How TPLO Surgery Works

Unlike traditional ligament repair, TPLO surgery eliminates the need for a cruciate ligament by altering the tibia. The procedure involves:

  1. Making a semi-circular cut in the tibia (shin bone).
  2. Rotating part of the tibia to create a flatter surface, reducing instability.
  3. Securing the rotated bone with a plate and screws.

By leveling the tibia, the femur remains stable even without the ligament, allowing the joint to function properly.

What to Expect During Surgery

  • Surgery is performed in the late morning.
  • Your pet will stay at the clinic for one to two nights for monitoring.

Post-Operative Care and Recovery

Follow-up care is crucial for proper healing. Your veterinarian will schedule recheck appointments at:

  • 2 weeks post-surgery – Initial healing check.
  • 4 weeks post-surgery – Assessment of progress.
  • 8 weeks post-surgery – Final evaluation of bone healing.

When to Consult Your Veterinarian

If your dog is limping, refusing to put weight on a hind leg, or showing signs of knee pain, schedule an exam. Early intervention can improve outcomes and prevent further joint damage.

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